Neighborhood environmental factors associated with leisure walking in adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the associations of leisure walking with perceived and objective measures of neighborhood environmental factors stratified by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,130 high school students (47.3% girls; aged 14 to 20 years old) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Leisure walking and SES were self-reported by the adolescents. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Objective measures were evaluated using Geographic Information Systems, with road network calculated around the adolescent's residential address, using 0.5km and 1.0km buffers. Data collection was carried out in 2017 and generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS Leisure walking was positively associated with access to services (0.5 km buffers [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.22] 1.0 km buffers [OR = 2.17]) and lower distance to parks and squares (0.5 km [OR=2.80] 1.0 km [OR = 2.73]) in girls from low SES. Residential density (0.5 km [OR = 1.57] 1.0 km [OR = 1.54]) and walkability index (0.5 km [OR = 1.17] 1.0 km [OR = 1.20]) were associated with leisure walking in girls from middle SES. Boys from low SES showed an inverse association between crime safety and leisure walking (0.5 km [OR = 0.59] 1.0 km [OR = 0.63]). Neighborhood recreation facilities was positively associated with leisure walking in middle SES (0.5 km [OR = 1.55] 1.0 km [OR = 1.60]). Land use mix (0.5 km [OR = 1.81] 1.0 km [OR = 1.81]), neighborhood recreation facilities (0.5 km [OR = 2.32] 1.0 km [OR = 2.28]) and places for walking (0.5 km [OR=2.07] 1.0 km [OR=2.22]) were positively associated with leisure walking in high SES. CONCLUSION Environmental factors (objectively and subjectively measured) and leisure walking show association in boys and girls of different SES.

A dimensão territorial do esgotamento sanitário: o caso do Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / The Territorial Dimension of Sewage Networks: the Case of Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo O crescimento das periferias de grandes cidades do Brasil vem ocorrendo sem que disponham de infraestrutura de saneamento adequada. Diferentes grupos sociais procuram superar estas deficiências, buscando alternativas locais de saneamento, individuais ou comunitárias, que se contrapõem ao modelo universal de redes de coleta de esgoto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no bairro do Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro, a fim de analisar o processo de instalação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário, sob uma abordagem territorial. Os dados permitiram a construção de esquemas territoriais relacionados a conflitos durante a implantação da estrutura de esgotamento sanitário neste bairro, onde convivem grupos populacionais de classe média e moradores de favelas, áreas de preservação ambiental, praias e atividades comerciais. Foi levantada a necessidade de contextualização das informações sobre saneamento, disponibilizadas pelo IBGE e pela companhia estadual de saneamento, que não refletiam estes conflitos ou a representação dos moradores sobre seus problemas de saneamento. A sobreposição das atribuições de gestão dos territórios deve, ainda, ser considerada como um dos fatores responsáveis por parte dos conflitos levantados no bairro. Novos estudos são sugeridos como complementação metodológica e atualização de dados.

ABSTRACT The urban suburbs of Brazilian cities have grown without an adequate sanitation infrastructure. Different social groups try to overcome these shortcomings seeking local sanitation alternatives at individual or community levels, contrasting with the universal model of sewage networks. This study was developed in the suburban neighborhood of Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to analyze the installation process of the sewage system under a territorial approach. Data facilitated the construction of territorial schemes related to conflicts during the implementation of sewage networks in this neighborhood, where middle class groups and favela residents coexist with environmental preservation areas, beaches and commercial activities. This work revealed the need for contextualized sanitation information made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and state sewage collection company, which conceal these conflicts or the representation of residents about their sanitation problems. Overlapping territorial managing functions should be considered as one of the factors responsible for the conflicts identified in the neighborhood. Further studies are suggested as methodological complementation and data update.